Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

The Arab Middle East / Martin Bunton -- West Africa / David Owusu-Ansah -- East Africa / Valerie J. Hoffman -- Turkey / Markus Dressler -- Iran / Elton L. Daniel -- Central Asia / Devin DeWeese -- Southeast Asia / Nelly van Doorn-Harder -- Europe / John R. Bowen -- The Diaspora in the West / Amir Hussain -- The Quran / Gordon Nickel and Andrew Rippin -- Muhammad / Michael Lecker -- Sunni law / Robert Gleave -- Theology : freewill and predestination / Suleiman Ali Mourad -- Ritual life / Zayn Kassam -- Rites of Passage / Zayn Kassam -- Sufism / Art Buehler -- Shi'ism / William Shepard -- Relations with other religions / David Thomas -- The Arabic language / Mustafa Shah -- Philosophy / Oliver Leaman -- The scientific tradition / George Saliba -- Education / Jeffrey C. Burke -- The transmission of knowledge / Paul L. Heck -- Travel / David Waines -- 'Abd al-Jabbar / Gabriel Said Reynolds -- Na'im al-Mulk / Neguin Yevari -- Al-Ghazali / Frank Griffel -- Ibn 'Arabi / Sajjad H. Rizvi -- Ibn Taymiyya / David Waines -- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi / Zayn Kassam -- Al-Suyti / Suleiman Ali Mourad -- Shah Wali Allah / Marcia Hermansen -- Bedi'zzaman Said Nursi / Zeki Saritoprak -- Sayyid Qutb / William Shepard -- Fazlur Rahman / Earle H. Waugh -- Art / Hussein Keshani -- Architecture / Hussein Keshani -- Material culture / James E. Lindsay -- Military organization and warfare / Niall Christie -- Popular piety and cultural practices / Earle H. Waugh -- Music / Michael Frishkopf -- Cinema / Ganal Danmez-Colin -- Civilization / Akbar Ahmed -- Social change / Ebrahim Moosa -- Secularism / Amila Buturovic -- Public ethics / Amyn B. Sajoo -- Marriage, family, and sexual ethics / Kecia Ali -- Women, gender and human rights / Simonetta Calderini -- Religious minority rights / Christopher Buck.