Askeland, Donald R.
The science and engineering of materials / - 6th ed. - Andover; Stamford, CT : Cengage Learning, c2011. - xxi, 930 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.
Includes index.
Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering -- What is Materials Science and Engineering? -- Classification of Materials -- Functional Classification of Materials -- Classification of Materials Based on Structure -- Environmental and Other Effects -- Materials Design and Selection -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Atomic Structure -- The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance -- The Structure of the Atom -- The Electronic Structure of the Atom -- The Periodic Table -- Atomic Bonding -- Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing -- The Many Forms of Carbon: Relationships Between Arrangements of Atoms and Materials Properties -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Atomic and lonic Arrangements -- Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order -- Amorphous Materials -- Lattice, Basis, Unit Cells, and Crystal Structures -- Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 1. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4. 1-5. 1-6. ch. 2 2-1. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. 2-5. 2-6. 2-7. ch. 3 3-1. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell -- Interstitial Sites -- Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials -- Covalent Structures -- Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Imperfections in the Atomic and lonic Arrangements -- Point Defects -- Other Point Defects -- Dislocations -- Significance of Dislocations -- Schmid's Law -- Influence of Crystal Structure -- Surface Defects -- Importance of Defects -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Atom and lon Movements in Materials -- Applications of Diffusion -- Stability of Atoms and Ions -- Mechanisms for Diffusion -- Activation Energy for Diffusion -- Rate of Diffusion [Fick's First Law] -- Factors Affecting Diffusion -- Permeability of Polymers -- Composition Profile [Fick's Second Law] -- Diffusion and Materials Processing -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Mechanical Properties: Part One -- Technological Significance 3-5. 3-6. 3-7. 3-8. 3-9. ch. 4 4-1. 4-2. 4-3. 4-4. 4-5. 4-6. 4-7. 4-8. ch. 5 5-1. 5-2. 5-3. 5-4. 5-5. 5-6. 5-7. 5-8. 5-9. ch. 6 6-1. Terminology for Mechanical Properties -- The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram -- Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test -- True Stress and True Strain -- The Bend Test for Brittle Materials -- Hardness of Materials -- Nanoindentation -- Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior -- Properties Obtained from the Impact Test -- Bulk Metallic Glasses and Their Mechanical Behavior -- Mechanical Behavior at Small Length Scales -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Mechanical Properties: Part Two -- Fracture Mechames -- The Importance of Fracture Mechanics -- Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials -- Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites -- Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis -- Fatigue -- Results of the Fatigue Test -- Application of Fatigue Testing -- Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion -- Evaluation of Creep Behavior -- Use of Creep Data -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems 6-2. 6-3. 6-4. 6-5. 6-6. 6-7. 6-8. 6-9. 6-10. 6-11. 6-12. ch. 7 7-1. 7-2. 7-3. 7-4. 7-5. 7-6. 7-7. 7-8. 7-9. 7-10. 7-11. Strain Hardening and Annealing -- Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve -- Strain-Hardening Mechanisms -- Properties versus Percent Cold Work -- Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses -- Characteristics of Cold Working -- The Three Stages of Annealing -- Control of Annealing -- Annealing and Materials Processing -- Hot Working -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Principles of Solidification -- Technological Significance -- Nucleation -- Applications of Controlled Nucleation -- Growth Mechanisms -- Solidification Time and Dendrite Size -- Cooling Curves -- Cast Structure -- Solidification Defects -- Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components -- Continuous Casting and Ingot Casting -- Directional Solidification [DS], Single Crystal Growth, and Epitaxial Growth -- Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses -- Joining of Metallic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium Ch. 8 8-1. 8-2. 8-3. 8-4. 8-5. 8-6. 8-7. 8-8. 8-9. ch. 9 9-1. 9-2. 9-3. 9-4. 9-5. 9-6. 9-7. 9-8. 9-9. 9-10. 9-11. 9-12. 9-13. ch. 10 Phases and the Phase Diagram -- Solubility and Solid Solutions -- Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility -- Solid-Solution Strengthening -- Isomorphous Phase Diagrams -- Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram -- Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy -- Nonequilibrium Solidification and Segregation -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagrams -- Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening -- Intermetallic Compounds -- Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions -- The Eutectic Phase Diagram -- Strength of Eutectic Alloys -- Eutectics and Materials Processing -- Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System -- Nanowires and the Eutectic Phase Diagram -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment -- Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions -- Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit 10-1. 10-2. 10-3. 10-4. 10-5. 10-6. 10-7. 10-8. Chatper 11 11-1. 11-2. 11-3. 11-4. 11-5. 11-6. 11-7. 11-8. ch. 12 12-1. 12-2. Age or Precipitation Hardening -- Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys -- Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening -- Effects of Aging Temperature and Time -- Requirements for Age Hardening -- Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures -- The Eutectoid Reaction -- Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction -- The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering -- The Shape-Memory Alloys [SMAs] -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons -- Designations and Classification of Steels -- Simple Heat Treatments -- Isothermal Heat Treatments -- Quench and Temper Heat Treatments -- Effect of Alloying Elements -- Application of Hardenability -- Specialty Steels -- Surface Treatments -- Weldability of Steel -- Stainless Steels -- Cast Irons -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Nonferrous Alloys -- Aluminum Alloys -- Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys 12-3. 12-4. 12-5. 12-6. 12-7. 12-8. 12-9. 12-10. 12-11. 12-12. ch. 13 13-1. 13-2. 13-3. 13-4. 13-5. 13-6. 13-7. 13-8. 13-9. 13-10. 13-11. ch. 14 14-1. 14-2. Copper Alloys -- Nickel and Cobalt Alloys -- Titanium Alloys -- Refractory and Precious Metals -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Ceramic Materials -- Applications of Ceramies -- Properties of Ceramics -- Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders -- Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics -- Inorganic Glasses -- Glass-Ceramics -- Processing and Applications of Clay Products -- Refractories -- Other Ceramic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Polymers -- Classification of Polymers -- Addition and Condensation Polymerization -- Degree of Polymerization -- Typical Thermoplastics -- Structure -- Property Relationships in Thermoplastics -- Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics -- Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics -- Elastomers [Rubbers] -- Thermosetting Polymers -- Adhesives -- Polymer Processing and Recycling -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems 14-3. 14-4. 14-5. 14-6. ch. 15 15-1. 15-2. 15-3. 15-4. 15-5. 15-6. 15-7. 15-8. 15-9. ch. 16 16-1. 16-2. 16-3. 16-4. 16-5. 16-6. 16-7. 16-8. 16-9. 16-10. 16-11. Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials -- Dispersion-Strengthened Composites -- Particulate Composites -- Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- Manufacturing Fibers and Composites -- Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications -- Laminar Composite Materials -- Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites -- Sandwich Structures -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Construction Materials -- The Structure of Wood -- Moisture Content and Density of Wood -- Mechanical Properties of Wood -- Expansion and Contraction of Wood -- Plywood -- Concrete Materials -- Properties of Concrete -- Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete -- Asphalt -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Electronic Materials -- Ohm's Law and Electrical Conductivity -- Band Structure of Solids -- Conductivity of Metals and Alloys -- Semiconductors Ch. 17 17-1. 17-2. 17-3. 17-4. 17-5. 17-6. 17-7. 17-8. 17-9. ch. 18 18-1. 18-2. 18-3. 18-4. 18-5. 18-6. 18-7. 18-8. 18-9. ch. 19 19-1. 19-2. 19-3. 19-4. Applications of Semiconductors -- General Overview of Integrated Circuit Processing -- Deposition of Thin Films -- Conductivity in Other Materials -- Insulators and Dielectric Properties -- Polarization in Dielectrics -- Electrostriction, Piezoelectricity, and Ferroelectricity -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Magnetic Materials -- Classification of Magnetic Materials -- Magnetic Dipoles and Magnetic Moments -- Magnetization, Permeability, and the Magnetic Field -- Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Ferrimagnetic, and Superparamagnetic Materials -- Domain Structure and the Hysteresis Loop -- The Curie Temperature 19-5. 19-6. 19-7. 19-8. 19-9. 19-10. 19-11. ch. 20 20-1. 20-2. 20-3. 20-4. 20-5. 20-6. Applications of Magnetic Materials -- Metallic and Ceramic Magnetic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Photonic Materials -- The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Refraction, Reflection, Absorption, and Transmission -- Selective Absorption, Transmission, or Reflection -- Examples and Use of Emission Phenomena -- Fiber-Optic Communication System -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Thermal Properties of Materials -- Heat Capacity and Specific Heat -- Thermal Expansion -- Thermal Conductivity -- Thermal Shock -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Corrosion and Wear -- Electrochemical Corrosion -- Electrochemical Corrosion -- The Electrode Potential in Electrochemical Cells -- The Corrosion Current and Polarization -- Types of Electrochemical Corrosion -- Protection Against Electrochemical Corrosion -- Microbial Degradation and Biodegradable Polymers -- Oxidation and Other Gas Reactions -- Wear and Erosion -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems. Note continued: 20-7. 20-8. ch. 21 21-1. 21-2. 21-3. 21-4. 21-5. ch. 22 22-1. 22-2. 22-3. 22-4. ch. 23 23-1. 23-2. 23-3. 23-4. 23-5. 23-6. 23-7. 23-8. 23-9.
0495296023 (hbk.) 9780495668022 (pbk. : SI ed.) 0495668028 (pbk. : SI ed.) 9788131516416
2010932702
015685068 Uk
Engineering
Materials.
Materials science.
TA403 / .A74 2011
620.11 / ASS
The science and engineering of materials / - 6th ed. - Andover; Stamford, CT : Cengage Learning, c2011. - xxi, 930 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.
Includes index.
Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering -- What is Materials Science and Engineering? -- Classification of Materials -- Functional Classification of Materials -- Classification of Materials Based on Structure -- Environmental and Other Effects -- Materials Design and Selection -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Atomic Structure -- The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance -- The Structure of the Atom -- The Electronic Structure of the Atom -- The Periodic Table -- Atomic Bonding -- Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing -- The Many Forms of Carbon: Relationships Between Arrangements of Atoms and Materials Properties -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Atomic and lonic Arrangements -- Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order -- Amorphous Materials -- Lattice, Basis, Unit Cells, and Crystal Structures -- Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 1. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4. 1-5. 1-6. ch. 2 2-1. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. 2-5. 2-6. 2-7. ch. 3 3-1. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell -- Interstitial Sites -- Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials -- Covalent Structures -- Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Imperfections in the Atomic and lonic Arrangements -- Point Defects -- Other Point Defects -- Dislocations -- Significance of Dislocations -- Schmid's Law -- Influence of Crystal Structure -- Surface Defects -- Importance of Defects -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Atom and lon Movements in Materials -- Applications of Diffusion -- Stability of Atoms and Ions -- Mechanisms for Diffusion -- Activation Energy for Diffusion -- Rate of Diffusion [Fick's First Law] -- Factors Affecting Diffusion -- Permeability of Polymers -- Composition Profile [Fick's Second Law] -- Diffusion and Materials Processing -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Mechanical Properties: Part One -- Technological Significance 3-5. 3-6. 3-7. 3-8. 3-9. ch. 4 4-1. 4-2. 4-3. 4-4. 4-5. 4-6. 4-7. 4-8. ch. 5 5-1. 5-2. 5-3. 5-4. 5-5. 5-6. 5-7. 5-8. 5-9. ch. 6 6-1. Terminology for Mechanical Properties -- The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram -- Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test -- True Stress and True Strain -- The Bend Test for Brittle Materials -- Hardness of Materials -- Nanoindentation -- Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior -- Properties Obtained from the Impact Test -- Bulk Metallic Glasses and Their Mechanical Behavior -- Mechanical Behavior at Small Length Scales -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Mechanical Properties: Part Two -- Fracture Mechames -- The Importance of Fracture Mechanics -- Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials -- Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites -- Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis -- Fatigue -- Results of the Fatigue Test -- Application of Fatigue Testing -- Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion -- Evaluation of Creep Behavior -- Use of Creep Data -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems 6-2. 6-3. 6-4. 6-5. 6-6. 6-7. 6-8. 6-9. 6-10. 6-11. 6-12. ch. 7 7-1. 7-2. 7-3. 7-4. 7-5. 7-6. 7-7. 7-8. 7-9. 7-10. 7-11. Strain Hardening and Annealing -- Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve -- Strain-Hardening Mechanisms -- Properties versus Percent Cold Work -- Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses -- Characteristics of Cold Working -- The Three Stages of Annealing -- Control of Annealing -- Annealing and Materials Processing -- Hot Working -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Principles of Solidification -- Technological Significance -- Nucleation -- Applications of Controlled Nucleation -- Growth Mechanisms -- Solidification Time and Dendrite Size -- Cooling Curves -- Cast Structure -- Solidification Defects -- Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components -- Continuous Casting and Ingot Casting -- Directional Solidification [DS], Single Crystal Growth, and Epitaxial Growth -- Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses -- Joining of Metallic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium Ch. 8 8-1. 8-2. 8-3. 8-4. 8-5. 8-6. 8-7. 8-8. 8-9. ch. 9 9-1. 9-2. 9-3. 9-4. 9-5. 9-6. 9-7. 9-8. 9-9. 9-10. 9-11. 9-12. 9-13. ch. 10 Phases and the Phase Diagram -- Solubility and Solid Solutions -- Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility -- Solid-Solution Strengthening -- Isomorphous Phase Diagrams -- Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram -- Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy -- Nonequilibrium Solidification and Segregation -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagrams -- Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening -- Intermetallic Compounds -- Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions -- The Eutectic Phase Diagram -- Strength of Eutectic Alloys -- Eutectics and Materials Processing -- Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System -- Nanowires and the Eutectic Phase Diagram -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment -- Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions -- Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit 10-1. 10-2. 10-3. 10-4. 10-5. 10-6. 10-7. 10-8. Chatper 11 11-1. 11-2. 11-3. 11-4. 11-5. 11-6. 11-7. 11-8. ch. 12 12-1. 12-2. Age or Precipitation Hardening -- Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys -- Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening -- Effects of Aging Temperature and Time -- Requirements for Age Hardening -- Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures -- The Eutectoid Reaction -- Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction -- The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering -- The Shape-Memory Alloys [SMAs] -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons -- Designations and Classification of Steels -- Simple Heat Treatments -- Isothermal Heat Treatments -- Quench and Temper Heat Treatments -- Effect of Alloying Elements -- Application of Hardenability -- Specialty Steels -- Surface Treatments -- Weldability of Steel -- Stainless Steels -- Cast Irons -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Nonferrous Alloys -- Aluminum Alloys -- Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys 12-3. 12-4. 12-5. 12-6. 12-7. 12-8. 12-9. 12-10. 12-11. 12-12. ch. 13 13-1. 13-2. 13-3. 13-4. 13-5. 13-6. 13-7. 13-8. 13-9. 13-10. 13-11. ch. 14 14-1. 14-2. Copper Alloys -- Nickel and Cobalt Alloys -- Titanium Alloys -- Refractory and Precious Metals -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Ceramic Materials -- Applications of Ceramies -- Properties of Ceramics -- Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders -- Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics -- Inorganic Glasses -- Glass-Ceramics -- Processing and Applications of Clay Products -- Refractories -- Other Ceramic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Polymers -- Classification of Polymers -- Addition and Condensation Polymerization -- Degree of Polymerization -- Typical Thermoplastics -- Structure -- Property Relationships in Thermoplastics -- Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics -- Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics -- Elastomers [Rubbers] -- Thermosetting Polymers -- Adhesives -- Polymer Processing and Recycling -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems 14-3. 14-4. 14-5. 14-6. ch. 15 15-1. 15-2. 15-3. 15-4. 15-5. 15-6. 15-7. 15-8. 15-9. ch. 16 16-1. 16-2. 16-3. 16-4. 16-5. 16-6. 16-7. 16-8. 16-9. 16-10. 16-11. Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials -- Dispersion-Strengthened Composites -- Particulate Composites -- Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- Manufacturing Fibers and Composites -- Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications -- Laminar Composite Materials -- Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites -- Sandwich Structures -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Construction Materials -- The Structure of Wood -- Moisture Content and Density of Wood -- Mechanical Properties of Wood -- Expansion and Contraction of Wood -- Plywood -- Concrete Materials -- Properties of Concrete -- Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete -- Asphalt -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Electronic Materials -- Ohm's Law and Electrical Conductivity -- Band Structure of Solids -- Conductivity of Metals and Alloys -- Semiconductors Ch. 17 17-1. 17-2. 17-3. 17-4. 17-5. 17-6. 17-7. 17-8. 17-9. ch. 18 18-1. 18-2. 18-3. 18-4. 18-5. 18-6. 18-7. 18-8. 18-9. ch. 19 19-1. 19-2. 19-3. 19-4. Applications of Semiconductors -- General Overview of Integrated Circuit Processing -- Deposition of Thin Films -- Conductivity in Other Materials -- Insulators and Dielectric Properties -- Polarization in Dielectrics -- Electrostriction, Piezoelectricity, and Ferroelectricity -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Magnetic Materials -- Classification of Magnetic Materials -- Magnetic Dipoles and Magnetic Moments -- Magnetization, Permeability, and the Magnetic Field -- Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Ferrimagnetic, and Superparamagnetic Materials -- Domain Structure and the Hysteresis Loop -- The Curie Temperature 19-5. 19-6. 19-7. 19-8. 19-9. 19-10. 19-11. ch. 20 20-1. 20-2. 20-3. 20-4. 20-5. 20-6. Applications of Magnetic Materials -- Metallic and Ceramic Magnetic Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Photonic Materials -- The Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Refraction, Reflection, Absorption, and Transmission -- Selective Absorption, Transmission, or Reflection -- Examples and Use of Emission Phenomena -- Fiber-Optic Communication System -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Thermal Properties of Materials -- Heat Capacity and Specific Heat -- Thermal Expansion -- Thermal Conductivity -- Thermal Shock -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems -- Corrosion and Wear -- Electrochemical Corrosion -- Electrochemical Corrosion -- The Electrode Potential in Electrochemical Cells -- The Corrosion Current and Polarization -- Types of Electrochemical Corrosion -- Protection Against Electrochemical Corrosion -- Microbial Degradation and Biodegradable Polymers -- Oxidation and Other Gas Reactions -- Wear and Erosion -- Summary -- Glossary -- Problems. Note continued: 20-7. 20-8. ch. 21 21-1. 21-2. 21-3. 21-4. 21-5. ch. 22 22-1. 22-2. 22-3. 22-4. ch. 23 23-1. 23-2. 23-3. 23-4. 23-5. 23-6. 23-7. 23-8. 23-9.
0495296023 (hbk.) 9780495668022 (pbk. : SI ed.) 0495668028 (pbk. : SI ed.) 9788131516416
2010932702
015685068 Uk
Engineering
Materials.
Materials science.
TA403 / .A74 2011
620.11 / ASS